Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S. Essay Example

Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? Essay Should we restrict immigration in the U. S.? , the answer to that is quite simple, no. the real question is; is it necessary to restrict immigration in the U. S.? That answer is also quite simple, no. immigration has been a big topic since the early 1900’s once the immigrants really started coming over to the U. S. Ever since then people have been trying to restrict the flow of immigrants coming into this country. Evidence from the article states and shows that â€Å"we were and still are a nation of immigrants†, so what makes the difference now? It was once and still is a land where people in search of a better life come to find one. Immigrants are a very powerful benefit to the economy and very little evidence shows that they are negative, in which shows us that immigrants are helping the nation become a better place while also helping build a stronger economy. Evidence from the article shows that in the 1980’s alone, about 8. 7 million people poured into the U. S. , matching the great immigration decade of 1900-10. The United States traditional role was as a haven for the immigrants, why change now? Especially when the immigrant’s links to their old countries are boosting U. S. exports to such fast growing regions like Asia and Latin America. Immigrant’s effects on the U. S. are the positive that overcomes the negative. Many immigrant communities are cities whose strength was restored due to the fact that without the immigrants cities and neighborhoods would be suffering because of the shrinking tax base. Evidence shows people that even immigrants with less education are contributing to the economy as workers, consumers, and taxpayers. We will write a custom essay sample on Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The immigrants have turned around many neighborhoods that were ready to fall into ruin. Even the ones that was ready to waste away, and decrease from a state of normality and prosperity. The immigrants also bring a global perspective and international contacts to insular American businesses. If the immigrants were on Americas land for hundreds of years then why would they choose now to restrict them from entering when they benefited to and from the country? What’s so different about them from back then until now? Considering the success of the past immigration. Why should the immigrants be discriminated by the nativists, when they are the one’s who’s helping when some of the same nativists discouraging them and depriving them from their confidence are the ones who weren’t even strong enough to work and help strengthen our economy. As a result immigration shouldn’t be restricted. Just the number of immigrants entering and leaving should be paid close attention to. Just think about it, is it wrong to say â€Å"no† to people wanting a better life for themselves and their families

Free Essays on The Learned Illness

Carillo 1 Debates have been occurring on the classification of alcoholism since early times. Is alcoholism a disease or is it a learned behavior? For most, alcohol is a common factor at parties, celebrations, and perhaps even everyday life. Many people abuse alcohol by developing risky drinking patterns. They develop cravings and a high tolerance, allowing them to increase the intake of alcohol and believe that they need more to satisfy a taste. There is also the loss of control and(,) very importantly(,) the physical dependency. Withdrawal symptoms heighten(,) making it difficult to quit drinking. So, is this term â€Å"alcoholism† really a disease, or can the individual control their behavior? Medical organizations have researched this condition over and over(,) running tests, experimenting, and analyzing. There is potential that the nature of this condition could very well be classified as a disease. Symptoms are one key in defining a disease, but complications come about in the definition. There is a mental obsession with alcohol. One can lose control of their thought processes(,) causing a sense power loss. (this last phrase is confusing – do you mean a loss of sensory power?) This can lead to a physical obsession and compulsion to drink. Although alcoholism has almost been deemed by everyone as incurable, there (replace with â€Å"it†) is the (replace with â€Å"a†) progressive disease. Progressive meaning it makes drastic changes at a subtle pace. It may progress over such an extended time, (delete) that the alcoholic doesn’t realize the changes. In actuality there is no evidence that alcoholism is in fact a disease. It does not even satisfy the meaning of and (spelling: an) illness. Scientific canalizations ( I’m not sure what you mean by this term) have failed in providing concrete facts and solid proof that alcoholism is a learned, and controllable, behavior. An Carillo 2 old A.A. group even... Free Essays on The Learned Illness Free Essays on The Learned Illness Carillo 1 Debates have been occurring on the classification of alcoholism since early times. Is alcoholism a disease or is it a learned behavior? For most, alcohol is a common factor at parties, celebrations, and perhaps even everyday life. Many people abuse alcohol by developing risky drinking patterns. They develop cravings and a high tolerance, allowing them to increase the intake of alcohol and believe that they need more to satisfy a taste. There is also the loss of control and(,) very importantly(,) the physical dependency. Withdrawal symptoms heighten(,) making it difficult to quit drinking. So, is this term â€Å"alcoholism† really a disease, or can the individual control their behavior? Medical organizations have researched this condition over and over(,) running tests, experimenting, and analyzing. There is potential that the nature of this condition could very well be classified as a disease. Symptoms are one key in defining a disease, but complications come about in the definition. There is a mental obsession with alcohol. One can lose control of their thought processes(,) causing a sense power loss. (this last phrase is confusing – do you mean a loss of sensory power?) This can lead to a physical obsession and compulsion to drink. Although alcoholism has almost been deemed by everyone as incurable, there (replace with â€Å"it†) is the (replace with â€Å"a†) progressive disease. Progressive meaning it makes drastic changes at a subtle pace. It may progress over such an extended time, (delete) that the alcoholic doesn’t realize the changes. In actuality there is no evidence that alcoholism is in fact a disease. It does not even satisfy the meaning of and (spelling: an) illness. Scientific canalizations ( I’m not sure what you mean by this term) have failed in providing concrete facts and solid proof that alcoholism is a learned, and controllable, behavior. An Carillo 2 old A.A. group even...

Skip navigation links BFS 3440-07B BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR FIRE Essay - 5

Skip navigation links BFS 3440-07B BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR FIRE PROTECTION (BFS3440-07B) - Essay Example The frame is a structure that holds the sprinkler components together .The frame styles may be of low profile, flush standard as well as the concealed amounts. The frames types depends on the areas that should be covered, type of hazard to be protected and the visual effects that may be required. Thermal linkage controls the release of water from the sprinkler systems. The linkages hold the cap in the right place and prevent water from flowing out of the pipes. (Wallace, and Webber, 2004, p. 285). The function of the cap is to provide the water tight seals over the sprinkler orifices that are held in place by the thermal links. In case the thermal fails to function, the cap is released and water finally flows from the orifice. Orifice refers to the opening in the water pipes at the base of the sprinkler valve. The opening in the water pipe is at a place where the water comes from which is about half an inch in diameter .It varies from the larger hazardous areas to smaller ones in the sprinklers systems. The detector is used in splattering the water streams from orifice to the pattern that is efficient for suppression of fires (Wallace, and Webber, 2004, p. 285). It is therefore important for all organizations to install the sprinklers systems within their organizations so as to protect themselves as well as their organizations from fires. Sprinklers are of different types, and therefore should be used as per their

Causes of Misunderstanding between Men and Women Research Paper

Causes of Misunderstanding between Men and Women - Research Paper Example The author applies these differences specifically in the way the sexes manage a business organization. While women "tend to soften their demands and statements," men opt to give direct orders. Generally, women are also apt in asking more questions than man. The article stressed that culture is pivotal in this distinctions. Women are raised to be more nurturing and maintain harmonious relationships while men aren't. The author, however, emphasizes that generalization about the characteristics of men and women based on the way they communicate are invalid. On the other hand, Turner explored how the way men and women think affects the way they communicate. Turner stated that a lot of factors influence the words that people say. However, people's words often reveal their thoughts. Thus, disparities between the communication techniques of the two sexes can be best explained by their thoughts. It is asserted that men tend to think more of reasons and engaged in more logical discussions. Women, on the other hand, think more of their emotions as manifested through their conversations. As men tend to engage in rational discussions, a common stereotype attached to them is "rationality." On the other hand, women are always regarded to become more emotionally attached and are often branded as "intuitive" since they don't really assert their opinions.

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay School shootings are one of the common events that achieved a level of cultural symbolism and make fear within students, their relatives, and school personnel. It is not shocking that these shootings are still happening, since the source of the problem is sophisticated. School shootings promote depression and anxiety within schools and encourage the idea that schools are unsafe for many students; in this paper I will discuss the course of action in Virginia Tech and my role as a school psychologist during the crisis. On April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech experienced a terrible and unforgettable event in the American university history. An Asian student shot and took the lives of 32 students and faculty, staff. He left behind injured individuals and people with psychological problems, and then he killed himself. Moreover, victims families, friends and the university community have suffered horribly. As a school psychologist in Virginia Tech, I think it is very crucial to collect the data about the student who killed the victims in order to know more about the real causes that led him to shoot people and kill himself after. This will help to deal with students behavior to avoid and stop real causes before they get more complicated. The student murderer was skinny and looked younger than his age. He did not participate in class and did not want to speak. The professors reported that he was mentally ill and he asked him to seek counseling. I believed that it is important to work with students who have same symptoms like this person who needed an early diagnosis. I believe that mental health clinics receive a big number of antisocial behaviors which is the most common disorder in our daily life. I think that early diagnosis of serious aggression that can be Conduct Disorder which begins as aggression in the early childhood and developed during adolescence and adulthood, it is very vital to know about these cases in order to help those individuals since they were diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Conduct is a disorder that refers to people who deal with specific behavioral and emotional problems during the childhood. People diagnoses with this disorder cannot focus and they have a hard time to follow rules. They are often referred as bad people or delinquent, ignoring that they mentally ill. Course of action Schools must be protected and safe places for children to study, however after this shooting event, a number of students and their families still feel threatened and their lives in danger by armed and dangerous classmates. As a member of school community we need to discuss our plan and how to deal with current students, families, professors and the other members who experienced the incident and help them to overcome and continue benefit from school. I believe that it is very interesting to work with survived students to trust us and discuss our plans to offer a safe place to learn. As school staff, we need to work with parents and public safety providers (local police and fire departments, emergency responders, hospitals, etc.) (National Association of School Psychologists, 2006) The school community needs also to enhance, and renew the school procedures to keep school building safe. Work with students to be able to discuss and talk aloud if something happened that makes them feel un comfortable, worried or scared. Teach the students that everybody play a big role to maintain the school safety. School community needs also to offer crisis training and professional development for all staff based upon needs assessment. (NASP, 2006) Anger and violence are progressively more significant issues to school psychologists and other professionals today. Those educators faced the effects of learning problems and social adjustment issues. It is very significant to provide monthly workshops for all students to identify their feelings and help them to know how to manage their feelings of anger, especially if they are taking drugs or having mental illness will be helpful. It is very important to teach and make students stay away from drugs and alcohol. Added to this, being away from guns and other weapons will be helpful as well. Teach students in early age that violence is not a solution to handle problems. Therefore, provide counseling sessions to all students, especially those who are struggling with anxiety, depression, or other emotional concerns that they cannot handle. William Pollack, a Harvard Medical School psychologist, stated in the incident of the Columbine shooters needed help, and what they got day after day was no one noticing. They were left alone. Adolescents, even though they say they want to be alonethey really want some kind of connection with an adult who understands and cares. (USA today, 2009) As a school staff, we need to work on our safety programs as well. We will need to lock doors, provide security cameras and call systems. We need to encourage and build up the respect between staff and students, students and students. Respect the students potential and performance is very vital also. The interaction between counselors or professors and students is very important to be able to recognize students feelings and alert any serious emotional issues or mental health problems. Check and connect is a good strategy to provide to school staffs in the workshops. In this approach, every day, one professor or more should talk about a specific students case. As the initial responsibility we have as school staff, we should help people experience the event in an appropriate context. We need to provide counseling and psychological treatments and we have to work with them to be able to continue their studies and help them to achieve their goals as they came for the first time and may be better. We have to work with those people who were in the event on the traumatic that may happened and they will think about all the time. We need to be able to help them to forget it and start a new personal and educational safe life. It is obvious that people who commit this kind of things and shooting usually have mental disorders such as severe depression or other emotional problems. Those individuals usually feel unwanted and badly treated by others, they are dissatisfied in their academic performance and goals, and therefore they go for suicide and shooting in order to do revenge. Moreover, these students always prepared for their plans previously and they talked about their purposes in advance. Hopefully, we will have time to know about their plans and help them recognize their feelings to be able to intervene early. That is why I believe that we need to build up confidence and communication with students and promote them to ask for help whenever they feel that they need it. As people working in schools, the event is hard to experience, but we may be able to better control the school and in preventing more shootings. Moreover, students who are under medications for anxiety, depression or other concerns and are currently in university, they need to be in contact with their doctor, therapist as well as their family. It may be also appropriate for students who have faced a prior traumatic event as well. I believed that school shooting is one of the biggest issues that need more than a single solution; poor parenting and early identification are big terms to think about dealing with such incidents. Most shootings in schools occurred primarily because of revenge against society. Specific people such as parents, friends, and roommates know how to help professionals to diminish specific psychological outcomes of a traumatic incident by using observation as a method to watch students who are at greater jeopardy and assist directly. Awareness of the issues that can lead to cruel psychological distress may assist adults to differentiate those students who need mental health assistance. As school community, we should plan cooperatively to invent a safety within schools to decrease violence by utilizing various approaches in order to meet each schools needs. For an effective result, it is helpful to include the following components such as making school-community safety partnerships, establishing comprehensive school crisis response plans (NASP, 2006) As a course of action, schools should adopted new laws and strategies to cope with this new style of showing such brutal aggression in instructional establishments, such as forbidding violent behaviors by issuing a disciplinary rules and punishments against individuals who are attempting to be involved in aggressive behaviors in schools settings. Besides, schools need also to offer a proper and effective counseling therapy for people who still under the shock of a shooting incident and help them to overcome the crisis time. As far as community is concerned, it should be a priority to protect students who experience aggr essive events and make them regain confidence to pursue their academic and emotional life. Improving classroom environment is also presented in our school plan by endorsing such a positive school discipline School climate is a relatively enduring quality of the entire school that is experienced by members, describes their collective perceptions of routine behavior, and affects their attitudes and behavior in the school (Camilla Sandra, 2007). Our program fights racism and intolerance and implements strategies to accept people from different cultures; in school program, the community promotes consultation, appropriate social skills, rising security in schools, and use disciplinary method to punish individuals who did not respect the school policy. Utilizing prevention programs for all students is one of the vital strategies we have in our program like talking about the federal law. Basically, we also implement some specific interventions in order to support students positive emotiona l development and educate them to utilize non-violent methods to decipher their personal concerns. Support students who show early signs of violation behaviors at schools and encouraging peer relationship by utilizing communication and mediation programs to resolve conflicts. School-based mental health services are very wanted recently. As school community, collaborating with parents and policy makers we should scrutinize issues that can account for events in which a massacre happened in the establishment setting in order to assist students to accomplish their aims in schools and help them to identify their personal and social issues. During the crisis, as member of school community, we were looking for manners in order to stop these events to re-happen. School Psychologists national association (NASP) team stated that, Crisis has been frequently recognized as a time of potential danger as well as potential opportunity.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If our profession is able to manage the danger that is, manage the immediate crisis and quickly return the system to normal functioning then there exists a tremendous opportunity to stimulate long-term systemic change. Once seen as effective and credible, the psychologist has infinitely more opportunity to move the system in the direction of prevention (Kathy, 2008). School psychologists can be a terrific source to the institutional community in the improvement of efficient mental health services to discuss students and families needs. It is also fundamental that school psychologists become very important and positive individuals in endorsing their task as mental health service providers and programs in schools. My role as a school psychologist As a school psychologist, I need to be able to identify student in need for extra help and aid in recognizing proper referral sources in the community. I would also use the psychological triage as a technique to establish the crisis intervention cure. The use of this approach is particularly significant when the psychological trauma victim surpasses the number of available people who can intervene. According to National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), there are various things that we can do as people working in schools that may insure that schools are secure places for students and enhance the comfort level of individuals such as inform parents by the school safety policies and calamity avoidance efforts. As a school psychologist, I need to be active within schools, communicate with students and their parents. I need also to visit classrooms frequently. Work on students behavior and help school community to teach students the appropriate and expected behaviors, provide interventions and supports. Talk and make a link with community colleagues to evaluate emergency response plans and discuss the needs that may be noticeable to the current crisis. Highlight violence prevention programs and curriculum currently being taught in schools and emphasize the efforts of the school to teach students alternatives to violence including peaceful conflict resolution and positive i nterpersonal relationship skills. Cite specific examples such as Second Step Violence Prevention, bully proofing, or other positive interventions and behavioral supports (NASP, 2006). My role as school psychologist as well is to prevent those individuals who homicide others and suicide. An article by NASP stated that society needs to ease closer relations as a replacement of watching television and using computers in the rest of the evenings, visit friends, classmates, and neighbors, walk you dog or go for picnic will help to stop murders to realize their plans and crimes. As a course of action, we should work on the relationship between students, their professors, and other school workers (NASP, 2006) My role as a school psychologist also is to examine the psychological disorders of students who appeared to be at risk such as those individuals who may have post traumatic stress syndrome, depression, Schizophrenia, and other mental health problems. It is very significant to early diagnosis those people with the previous disorders in order to be able to intervene and help them to live normal people and act responsively. My job as a member of the community is to be aware of some people who refuse to talk about their experience in the past and hide their traumatic events. In this point, I need to be able to help survivors of this horrible crisis to talk about it and assist them to be able to identify and discuss their feelings from it. I need to be able to aid those people by using psychotherapy sessions and advanced techniques. As a school psychologist, I can be trusted to help with delicate personal and family situations that interfere with schooling. I can also help prevent future problems when I intervene with learning problems early on, and I can also recognize that changes in the school environment and at home can improve the quality of life for children and their families.   For most victims, cognitive-behavioral therapy is the best treatment that I can use in order to change distorted and possibly harmful perceptions of post-traumatic stress, severe anxiety, depression, pleasant mental image ry, and relaxation techniques. Other counseling and therapy techniques may help those people achieve a good perceptive of the illness and the factors that protect against it. There are also stress inoculation training and visualization techniques that can be used as treatment to help those victims in our school setting. All these treatments need to be taught to survivors in order to practice it on their own. I need also to share with them my feelings, experience, and signs to help decreasing feelings of fear and helplessness. In terms of intervention, as a school psychologist I should work and consult with teachers in order to choose, implement, and evaluate interventions that best work for the different needs of different students.   As expert I need to be able to teach students, teachers, parents, and other professionals problem-solving strategies to address issues related to students academic, behavioral, and psychological problems after the incident. I need also to be able to assist teachers, parents, and other professionals use data-based decision making to improve student and systemic outcomes. Besides, I have to help teachers understand the unique needs of students, especially those diagnosis with mental health problems. It is very important to consult with those individuals doctors and counselor as well in order to keep in truck, know more about their current situations, and help them to release their pains. NASP promotes that school psychologists to take a leadership role in developing comprehe nsive approaches to violence reduction and crisis response in schools (NASP, 2006). Since school psychologists are capable to involve in the whole school personals in enhancing and applying positive behavioral interventions that support social-emotional development of students. School psychologists are also important members who are skilled by using and implementing different intervention strategies that may decrease violent behaviors within school settings and with different students. As a school psychologist, I can discuss with other school members the implementation of social skills activities and other techniques used in order to educate students how to solve their personal issues. My other role is to offer consultation process to promote schools form calamity planning teams. As part of the evaluation program, I need to reduce aggression activities among students and help those who were presenting during the incident physically, psychologically, and social seclusion. As far as m y role, I will help school to response to this emergency case. As a school psychology, my role also is to be well aware of the advantage of the early intervention and prevention efforts. Traditional crisis caregivers include emergency response professionals, mental health providers, medical professionals, victim assistance counselors, and faith leaders (NASP, 2003) those professionals are all well skilled to handle different cases and to help sufferers to manage their life and handle their problems. Teachers and administrators are the most people who interact with our students; however some of them did not get any training to offer mental health services and intervention. As a school psychologist, I think that will be very helpful to provide trainings and help those professionals to be able to intervene. These roles of school psychologists are very vital elements as plans of school safety. To guarantee that school psychologists are well trained to offer leadership in school violence prevention. NASP helped school psychologists to get the necessary comprehension and skills to apply aggression prevention and the crisis in schools during their programs and through their life experiences. Summary Very serious violent problems occur in school settings and have sophisticated causes, unknown sources and valuable consequences. Besides, fights, sexual harassment, and bullying that occur every day in all school establishments in the world. We started to experience shootings people at schools and suicide. These affected the schools environments, safety, and made many students, relatives and school staffs to undergo horribly. Thus, the efforts to decrease aggression at school settings need to be multi-faceted. School settings are trusted to protect children and keep them secure during the school day. Teachers, principals, and all school staff do big efforts to keep students safe and away from any danger. Many students trust schools and they feel happy and comfort in the school staffs who save them from harms and protect them. There are various cases and huge number of shoots and suicide in school settings, therefore schools and professionals community need to prepared in order to have a minimum damages and handle crises, in order to keep students and staff out of harm and able to learn and teach. In my opinion, I think that a successful and effective program will guarantee the safety of all students and school staff. It is crucial to create programs that lead to stop and reduce aggression and responding rapidly and efficiently whenever violence happens. Aggression decrease plans have to also affect on all student approaches to violence, educate them and school workers to be able to solve their skills in an effective away, and help the school to make an environment that encourages acceptance and tolerance between students and staff. School safety programs are very efficient when we involved other groups of violence prevention efforts such as local law enforcement, juvenile probation, public health personnel, and other parent and community groups (NASP, 2006) This will help to reduce aggression and anger among students in order to ensure life of all children and youth and improved their performance to achieve their goal. I believe that all families, friends, and school staff have the responsibility in this massacre, by ignoring the murder mental health history and let him lived in the campus as a normal student. The safety group of the campus has also a big responsibility and failed to intervene in the appropriate time to stop the killing show was happening. The uncontrolled guns are big issues as well that led to kill those innocent students easily. All school psychologists have the responsibility to give hands to educational institutions and involve in the methodical group structure and problem solving process. They have the responsibility to analysis the data and identify students problems. All these plans should be discussed in objective data of school databases. Typically my role as a school psychologist is that I cannot make diagnosis, but I can provide data by using various number of assessments tools like doing observations, interviews, and consulting with parents and other professionals. There are very big numbers of interventions that can be used by school psychologists to assist those individuals in order to comprehend their goals and try be able to deal with it.

An Analysis of Rebellion in George Orwell’s 1984 Essay

As a new society unfolds, so do new values and authority. In 1984, George Orwell presents a futuristic vision of the power of government as well as its social conventions. Primarily, Orwell uses Winston Smith to exhibit the effects that government control can have on morality. Winston lives in Oceania where â€Å"The Party† exploits its complete power by controlling people emotionally and mentally. However, this disturbs Winston who subsequently challenges The Party and is provoked into becoming a rebel. He recognizes that he is at the point of no return; consequently, he marches blindly ahead in the hope of defeating The Party. However, Winton’s defiant nature is quickly extinguished after he is caught and tormented for committing subversive acts. The once rebellious Winston is then forever changed, as he becomes a loyal subject of Big Brother. Winston’s challenge of Oceania’s imposed values and beliefs demonstrates humanity’s need and subsequent p ursuit of freedom. In Oceania, The Party is seen as the ultimate power; it imposes its authority and fear over its citizens with the use of technology. From the street corners to Winston’s living room, the telescreens are used to monitor the thoughts and actions of its people. â€Å"It was even conceivable, that they watched everybody all the time. But at any rate they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to. You had to live- did live, form habit that became instinct- in the assumption that every sound you made was overhead, and, except in darkness, every movement scrutinised.† (Orwell 5). By not knowing which move is being watched or which words are being listened to, all privacy and freedom of speech is eliminated from their daily lives. The telescreens are used as a source of control and power rather than communication. They also display propaganda from the Ministry of Truth to support the Party’s actions and power. The Party also uses the media as a tool for manipulation. Posters, slogans, and advertisements display messages such as â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU† and â€Å"WAR IS PEACE; FREEDOM IS SLAVERY; IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH†. These slogans, in addition to presenting Big Brother as a symbolic figure, work together to complete the manipulation and control of its citizens. However, altering the history and memory of Oceania also enforces political control. History books opportunely reflect the Party’s ideology which forbids individuals from keeping mementos such as photographs  and documents from their past. As a result, the citizens have vague memories of their past and willingly believe whatever the Party tells them. â€Å"Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past† (Orwell 32). By controlling the past, The Party ensures that they control the future, and through false history, the psychological independence of peopl e is controlled. By stealing people’s privacy, manipulating and manoeuvring their lives, and presenting altered history, the Party is able to exploit its power. Winston, a man with a conscience and a sense of right and wrong has no choice; he must fight for his beliefs. Big Brother, a symbolic figure for power, agitates Winton’s morality. Although a member of the Party, he disagrees with the conventions of The Party. At first, Winston demonstrates his defiance using a diary as a secure place to keep his thoughts. â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER† (Orwell 20). Here, Winston expresses his feelings about the party. He is aware that having or expressing thoughts against Big Brother is viewed as a thought crime in Oceania; nevertheless he also knows that he cannot sit back and accept their philosophy. â€Å"Thought crime does not entail death: thought crime IS death† (Orwell 30). Winston has the good sense to be extremely careful when writing in his diary; he is paranoid about being caught and places himself away from the telescreen where he hopes he will not be detected. This action demonstrates his unwillingness to simply accept the party line and the government’s control. Another equally serious offence against the Party is his love affair with Julia. Well aware of the Party’s stand on pleasurable sexual activity, Winston, nevertheless, can not and does not suppress his desire for her. He also discovers that he is not the only one with these forbidden feelings. â€Å"That was above all what he wanted to hear. Not merely the love of one person, but the animal instinct, the simple undifferentiated desire: that was the force that would tear the Party to pieces† (Orwell 132). With the knowledge that he is not alone in this battle, Winston is even more committed and empowered to continue his defiance against the system. He recognizes that he must act cautiously and, in order to continue his affair without being caught, Winston rents a room above Mr.Charrington’s shop. Another subversive act is Winston’s communication with O’Brien, a leader in the Party. Winton bases his trust of O’Brien through the voices in  his dreams, the eye contact between them during hate meetings, and when O’Brien turns off his telescreen when the two meet. â€Å"Between himself and O’Brien, and of the impulse he sometimes felt, simply to walk into O’Brien’s presence, announce that he was the enemy of the Party and demand his help†(Orwell 159) Trustingly, Winston reveals his views to O’Brien, hoping that in the future, others will also join in the defeat of the Party. O’Brien convinces Winston that he is member of the Brotherhood; Winston eagerly joins. The authority the Party enforces over Oceania’s citizens seizes Winston’s morality and gives him the courage to increase the momentum of his rebellious acts. Unfortunately, a power far greater than his is watching his every move. As Winston continues his treasonous acts, he realises there is no way out; his optimism for a better future has him stride blindly into shark-infested waters. Winston realizes that by writing in his diary it is only a matter of time before the Thought Police capture him. â€Å"Whether he wrote DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER, or whether he refrained from writing it, made no difference. Whether he went on with the diary, or whether he did not go on with it, made no difference† (Orwell 21). Intellectually, Winston realizes that he will probably get caught, but he cannot turn back. His affair with Julia boosts his ego and so he continues with the hope that other rebels will unite with him against the Party. Unfortunately, in his dream of defeating Big Brother, Winston becomes careless and his acts against the Party take him down a dangerous path, leading him into torturous consequences. Winston allows himself to take unnecessary risks, such as trusting O’Brien. Unknowingly, the room he rents above Mr. Charrington’s shop to meet with Julia is under surveillance. Mr. Charrington, a member of the Thought Police, uses the telescreen to capture Winston’s sexual affair with Julia. As a member of the Thought Police, it is his duty to turn them in, and he does. He has the two arrested and they are sent to the Ministry. Winston’s carelessness now comes back to haunt him. In his eagerness to find others who loathe the system, he trusted O’Brien who led him to believe that he shares his hatred for Big Brother. However, Winston soon learns that O’Brien’s intentions are quite different. When Winston is caught, O’Brien visits him to â€Å"help† him through this wretchedness. However, Winston’s misplaced trust is exploited when  O’Brien preys on his biggest fear. He is taken to Room 101 where he is tortured both physically and mentally with his ultimate revulsion: rats. Winston’s fortitude collapses, changing his perspective. â€Å"†¦it was all right, everything was all right. The struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother.† (Orwell 311). Winston’s physical pain and mental anguish help him to now embrace the unquestionable power and wisdom of the Party. The irony is evident: Winston’s determination to defeat Big Brother is defeated†¦ by Big Brother. In Winston’s pursuit to gain independent thought, he struggles against the absolute power of the Party, thus demonstrating the battle between him and his government. In Oceania, the Party controls the people physically, mentally and emotionally in order to maintain their supremacy. However, the Party’s abusive power subverts Winston’s morality, aggravating him into rebellion. Once started, Winston realizes that he cannot turn back from his revolt, even though, intellectually he acknowledges that his battle could cost him far more than his freedom. He is driven to continue. Winston’s fervour for change comes to an immediate halt after he is caught and punished for his disloyalty to the Party. A man forever changed becomes a loyal supporter of Big Brother. Orwell’s 1984 is a frightening journey of a man’s fight for freedom of thought and expression. In 1948, when the book was written it was considered a futuristic view of society. Today, many o f the events have already become a reality. Big Brother is indeed watching! Works Cited Orwell, George. 1984. New York: Penguin, 1964

Adjusting to Terrorism in the United States

After the terrorist attack of 9-11, the United States made several changes to policies concerning visitors into the United States. More attention is required at the borders, airports, mail system, and intranet to protect citizens of the United States against terrorism. In this paper, we will discuss a proposal to make the criminal justice agencies in the United States better prepared for terrorist attacks. Border Patrol is part of the criminal justice agency and responsible for protecting the borders of the United States against illegal immigrants from entering the U. S. without proper authorization. I would like to propose the United States completely fencing in our country instead of just fencing a third as we do presently. This will enable our agents to enforce the laws more effectively across the United States. Many borders are open along the Vermont and Canadian. People are able to cross the border without detection. People know there is nothing to stop them from traveling route 2 and disappearing (Peak 2010). This issue needs attention so all borders need patrolled equally to ensure the safety of the United States. The world's longest undefended border is between Canada and the United States. This runs along the 49th parallel of the west coast to Lake Superior and following natural boundaries for the remainder (International Boundary Commission 2011). Expense is a negative consequence to this proposal however, the money the United States saves in health care, education, and loss of employment caused by illegal immigrants will pay for the expansion of the border. Safety is the positive to the border issue, we have too many illegal people crossing into the United States and more force needs to take place in order to change the current situation. With more border protection, the United States can control drug traffic, human trafficking, and illegal aliens residing in the United States. Each year, according to the U. S. Customs, 60 million people come to the United States aboard 675,000 commercial and private flights. Six million arrive by sea and 370 million by land and 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. It is estimated around 90,000 merchant and passenger ships enter U. S. ports. Each ship can carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo. This voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and methamphetamine shipments for distribution in U. S. neighborhoods (U. S. Drug Enforcement Agency 2004). The budget for this expansion will include more border patrol officers, weapons, artillery, material, and funding from the government. Each border needs supervisors to supervise the operation of each station. Each officer needs to go through a training period of 6 weeks before assigned to a duty station. The estimated cost for this project is 1. 5 billion dollars. In conclusion, our borders are unprotected around the United States and serious measure need taken to control the illegal aliens entering on a daily basis. Without proper patrol, the United States is at risk of all types of illegal operations coming in and going out of our country through ships, planes, and trains. This proposal will decrease the amount of illegal persons and merchandise transported across what is now unprotected by guards. References International Boundary Commission Canadian Info Retrieved from http://www.craigmarlatt.com/canada/canada;the_world/canada;us_border.html on January 31, 2011 Peak, K, 2010 Justice Administration: Police, Courts, and Corrections Management, Sixth Edition Published by Prentice Hall. By Pearson Education, Inc U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Drug Trafficking in the United States 2004 Retrieved from http://www.policyalmanac.org/crime/archive/drug_trafficking.shtml on January 31, 2011