To what extent is the HR function essential in achieving successful Essay

How much is the HR work fundamental in accomplishing fruitful association change - Essay Example Human Resource as a change specialist has the accompanying job in operatiopnal adequacy: overseeing society change forms; encouraging groups and gatherings to actualize change; and recognizing change operators inside the association (Wapshott and Spicer, 2005). The Human Resource practical abilities are maybe more generally known to incorporate Human Resource Planning and Staffing; Performance the board and advancement; representative and work relations; remuneration and advantages; wellbeing, security, government assistance and security; frameworks data and the executives; and authoritative structure and improvement (Brewster, Farndale, and Ommeren, 2000). Man as a social creature thinks that its difficult to exist in relative harmony with no type of association. Without an association disorder regularly results, formal or casual, associations exist in some structure to give request in the public arena. In Britain and the remainder of the modern present reality, it is practically di fficult to envision existence without the plenty of associations that include and make conceivable our regular day to day existence (Burnes, 2004). Associations being made out of various people and character is in consistent motion in this manner are inclined to impacts that can acquire a huge measure of progress each moment of its reality (Alfes, Truss, and Gill, 2010). Temporariness and transition are progressively turning out to be significant highlights of present day life achieved by significant development in the scale and extent of progress and the quickening pace of progress (Hayes, 2002). Singular change is at the core of everything that is accomplished in associations. When people have the inspiration to accomplish something else, the entire world can start to change (Cameron and Green, 2009). By any goal measure, the measure of huge, regularly horrible, change in associations has become immensely in the course of recent decades. Albeit a few people foresee that a large po rtion of the reengineering, redistributing, restrategizing, mergers, scaling back, quality endeavors, and social restoration tasks will before long vanish, I feel that is exceptionally far-fetched (Hadley, 2009). Amazing macroeconomic powers are busy working here, and these powers may become significantly more grounded throughout the following not many decades. Therefore, an ever increasing number of associations will be pushed to lessen costs, improve the nature of items and administrations, find new open doors for development, and increment efficiency (Kotter, 1996). In the book â€Å"The Heart of Change† a diagram of an eight-advance model for change was partitioned into three significant gatherings: 1. Making the atmosphere for change; 2. Drawing in and empowering the entire association; and 3. Actualizing and continuing the change. The eight-advance are: 1. Increment criticalness; 2. Manufacture controlling groups; 3. Get the vision right; 4. Convey for purchase in; 5. E mpower activity; 6. Make momentary wine; 7. Don’t let up; 8. Make it stick (Cohen, 2005). In a similar book, two ways to deal with change were proposed: investigation think-change and see-feel-change (Cohen, 2005). For all intents and purposes the Human Resource is toward the beginning and end of the procedure (Kotter and Schlesinger, 2008). In the Eight-advance model the center and empowering agent for each progression is the Human Resource association. Life is in a condition of consistent motion, the equivalent can be said about association. A few changes are major and a few changes are unimportant, regardless of how huge or immaterial the volume of progress is, change changes the association until the end of time. What's more, at the middle

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION - Essay Example ture is a component in molding these variables just as the fundamental perspectives about different issues, for example, work, achievement, riches, authority, value, etc. Language contrasts: One of the significant reasons for miscommunication is the utilization of language. This can happen regardless of whether two individuals communicate in a similar language, in view of contrasts in use. Oftentimes, individuals from various societies communicate in various dialects. In these cases, correspondence happens through a procedure of interpretation. Tragically, interpretation frequently neglects to pass on the soul of the correspondence. Now and again, it changes the significance by and large, and in others it has unintended undertones. Two or three models refered to by Ekwulugo (94) outline the effect of language contrasts and how they can cause correspondences to go haywire. The principal concerns General Motors’ mainstream vehicle brand Chevy Nova, a name that is notable and famous in numerous nations of the world, and related with an effective and lofty vehicle. In Spanish, this name implies â€Å"Does not go†, which terribly distorts the message that the organization needs to pass on. Observation: Different individuals see things in an unexpected way. One reason for this distinction in recognition is the manner in which individuals have been adapted. Recognition is the manner in which individuals process data. Crude information that goes to an individual is changed over to data in light of such handling. Various words and images gain various implications in various societies. For instance, making a hover with the thumb and forefinger implies â€Å"okay† in America, means cash in Japan, and is what might be compared to demonstrating the bottoms of one’s feet in Thailand. Torn and decrepit garments are an indication of neediness to Indians, while in parts of Europe they mean opportunity. Plainly when an American is attempting to state Okay, an individual from Thailand will comprehend it as a hostile signal (Pickton and Broderick 53) Qualities and convictions: Values and convictions likewise influence correspondence

Medication or Substance-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder

Medication or Substance-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder Addiction Drug Use Print Medication or Substance-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder When Alcohol, Drugs or Medications Cause Mild Problems With Brain Functioning By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on August 12, 2019 istockphoto / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Mild neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use and major neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use  are the diagnostic names for two alcohol- or drug-induced major neurocognitive disorders?major obviously being the more severe form. Unlike the problems with mental functioning that happen during intoxication or with a hangover the morning after alcohol useâ€"that pass fairly quicklyâ€"mild neurocognitive disorder continues to cause difficulty with mental functioning on an ongoing basis. For some people, it can impact their day-to-day functioning permanently. Many people who develop a neurocognitive disorder after using alcohol, drugs, or medications, dont actually realize they have these problems. Family and friends may be the first to notice problems with paying attention, remembering important things they need to do, and planning properly to manage their lives. In fact, the problems that people with mild neurocognitive disorder due to substance or medication use experience may only be helped by family or friends providing or arranging for additional support for the person in their daily lives. What Are Cognitive Deficits? Cognitive deficits are problems with mental functioning. Mental functioning ranges from perception to memory, from managing emotions to planning for the future, or even simply planning your meals and activities for today. Mental functioning is also needed for controlling your body movements, balance, coordination, as well as speech, communication of all kinds, understanding and getting along with other people. Even recognizing people and knowing the role they play in your life is controlled by mental functioning. So when cognitive deficits develop, a person can quickly find life difficult to cope with, and problems can develop rapidly. A huge risk for people with a history of drinking or drug use is that they can go back to these unhealthy ways of coping with problems, making cognitive functioning even worse. Cognitive deficits can occur as part of a brain disorder, but when they are due to a substance or medication use, there is a decline or worsening of mental abilities that were at a higher level of functioning. There is a variety of cognitive deficits that can occur as part of this condition, including: Difficulty paying attention or concentrating on what you are doing or what is going on around youDifficulty with executive functioning;  skills like making plans for the future, controlling impulses to do things that might not be a good idea, particularly in the long term, and making decisions about everything from what to wear on a hot or cold day to financial planning for the next 10 yearsLearning new skillsâ€"this doesnt just mean learning in school, or learning skills like driving, but learning everyday things we are all required to do, like learning to use a new type of technologyProblems with remembering informationâ€"not only difficult, abstract information, but everyday information, such as your phone number, address, and where you need to go todayDifficulties with speaking and communicating clearly with other peoplePerceptual-motor skillsâ€"how you control your body and movements, even something you take for granted, such as walkingSocial awareness and understanding of other peopleâ€"from treating people with caring and courtesy through to knowing when someone is trying to rip you off Is It a Substance-Induced or Pre-Existing Disorder? When doctors or psychologists give a diagnosis of mild neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use, they check to make sure that the cognitive deficits werent there before the person used the alcohol, drug, or medication that is thought to be responsible for their difficulties. This is because there are different types of neurocognitive disorders, and if the symptoms were there before the substance use, the person is probably not suffering from the substance/medication-induced type of neurocognitive disorder, but instead, some other type of neurocognitive disorder. For people who have a long history of substance use, it can be difficult to know what came firstâ€"the substance use or the neurocognitive disorderâ€"but this can often be determined by taking a careful history of substance use and cognitive functioning, as well as carefully managing detox with an extended period of abstinence from all alcohol, drugs, and medications that may have induced the disorder. How Soon After Taking the Drug Can Neurocognitive Problems Be Induced? In some cases, neurocognitive problems can develop almost immediately after taking the drug or medication. As the brain doesnt typically function at its best during drug intoxication and withdrawal, it can be difficult for doctors to know whether the mental problems the person is experiencing are the result of a slow recovery of normal brain functioning after using alcohol or drug use for a long time. Usually, mental skills will improve a great deal within a few days of stopping drinking or taking drugs, and continue to improve as the person moves through the detox process over the next couple of weeks. Sometimes, it can take months or even years for functioning to return to normal. However, in other cases, even if the person improves, the problems can be persistent, and normal functioning may not fully return. Finally, for the diagnosis of mild (rather than major) neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use to be given, the person would still be independent in everyday activities, such as paying bills or managing medications, but these activities may take more effort or compensatory strategies, or the person might need extra help to accomplish them. Which Drugs Cause Substance-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder? A wide variety of psychoactive substances can cause mild neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use, including the following: Alcohol We know more about mild neurocognitive disorder in alcohol  users than in other drug users, because more research has been conducted on drinkers than on drug users, and the impact of alcohol on the health of the brain is well known. About 30 to 40% of heavy drinkers have some form of alcohol-induced mild neurocognitive disorder, during the first month or two after they stop drinking. These problems are more likely to continue for a longer time in people who are 50 or older before they quit drinking. Even though psychological tests show that their brains are not working normally, people with this condition may not be aware they are impaired, therefore family and friends may be the ones to notice the person is having difficulty. Inhalants People can sometimes suffer from mild neurocognitive disorder right after intoxication with inhalant drugs,  and for some peopleâ€"even after quitting inhalantsâ€"these problems can continue. A study of inhalant users showed that most had improved significantly after two years of discontinuing inhalant use, and most had returned to normal cognitive functioning after 15 years of abstinence. The exception was a group of inhalant users who had developed lead encephalopathy from leaded petroleum (gasoline) inhalation. These people continued to have inhalant-induced neurocognitive disorder even 15 years after stopping sniffing gasoline. In these cases, the disorder may not be mild but may be major, meaning that the persons ability to function independently is severely disrupted. Cocaine About a third of people who use cocaine experience mild neurocognitive disorder after they quit cocaine, with some people continuing to have these problems long term after they have quit. A study has shown that people who are active cocaine users perform significantly worse on various tests of neurocognitive functioning than people of the same age who do not use cocaine, regardless of their age. However, the same study showed that older cocaine users perform much worse on tests of particular cognitive functions such as psychomotor speed, attention, and short-term memory than younger cocaine users. While it is normal and natural for peoples neurocognitive abilities to decline with age, this normal deterioration is more pronounced in older cocaine users. Therefore, older cocaine users are particularly vulnerable to problems that come with age, such as being able to control their movements, focus their attention on what they are doing and what is going on around them, and remembering everything from what they need to do today, to the important people and events in their lives. Methamphetamine As with cocaine, about a third of people who use methamphetamine suffer from a mild neurocognitive disorder, with persistent problems in some users after abstinence. Neurocognitive problems can also result from cerebrovascular disease which leads to diffuse or focal brain injury. The executive functioning of methamphetamine users is even worse in people who have also used the drug ketamine. Opioids About 33 to 39 percent of  people who use opioids have neurocognitive problems, and some continue to have problems even after they have quit. Research has shown that opioid-dependent adults have high rates of neurocognitive impairment, with severe problems in learning and memory. People who have been addicted to alcohol and cocaine at some point in their lives, as well as opioids, have a greater neurocognitive impairment, particularly in executive functioning. Because executive functioning is critical for making decisions, and because having problems with learning and memory can interfere with properly taking in information, people with opioid addictions may need more support  for making medical decisions than most people. Phencyclidine About a third of phencyclidine users have intermediate neurocognitive problems after they stop, with persistent problems in some users after abstinence. Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Medications As with many types of drugs, there are intermediate problems in about a third of users of sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic medications, with persistent problems in some users after abstinence. The fact that most people who use these drugs are prescribed them presents particular problems, especially with issues such as driving impairment. Experimental research has shown specific deficits in driving ability in people who use these medications. Benzodiazepines, a type of central nervous system depressant, is also associated with the greatest likelihood of causing accidents. A Word From Verywell Cognitive impairments resulting from alcohol, drug, or medication use can be confusing and upsetting and can cause problems for the individual affected  and those around them. The good news is that if you stop drinking or using the drug or medication under medical supervision, the odds are good for making a full recovery, even if this takes time. If you or someone you care about is affected, getting a diagnosis will help determine what help is needed for functioning well in everyday life.

Critically discuss the differences in the view of conflict between ... - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1934 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction The employment relationship refers to a fundamental antagonism between an employer and employee. Therefore, the intrinsic characteristic of employment relationship is conflict (Blyton and Turnbull, 2004). Actually, conflict is inevitable at work. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critically discuss the differences in the view of conflict between " essay for you Create order The key lies with how to manage conflict so that it can develop positive effects. However, there are different views against conflict in the theoretical circle. Generally speaking, there are three major theoretical perspectives such as Unitarist, Pluralist and Marxist perspective to view employee relations. In this essay, it will firstly introduce those three perspectives and then critically discusses the differences in the view of conflict among them on employee relations. Secondly, it will describe the development of employee relations in the UK before elaborating appropriate perspective for the analysis of employee relations in the UK. It considers that Pluralist perspective is the most suitable perspective rather than other two perspectives for analyzing the British employee relations. At last, it will make a conclusion in a few words. Theoretical perspectives on employee relations Unitarist, Pluralist and Marxist perspective have been described for understanding and analyzing employee relations. Each of them provides a different interpretation towards workplace conflict, the role of unions and job regulation (Edwards, 2003). In other words, those three perspectives hold different views against conflict in the employee relations. The following paragraphs will introduce three perspectives one by one. After that, it will summarize the differences among them. Unitarist perspective Seeing from the Unitarist perspective, the organization is regarded as an integrated and harmonious group of people with one loyalty culture. Specified explanations are as follows. Such an organization attaches much importance to mutual cooperation. Moreover, all employees within the organization share a mutual purpose. In addition, this perspective similar to paternalism has a high requirement for the loyalty of all employees. The management of such an organization is outstanding due to its emphasis and application. For this reason, it has been concluded that trade unions are not necessary for the mutual exclusiveness of the loyalty between organizations and employees. However, the conflict on employee relations is considered pathological and disruptive outcome caused by interpersonal friction, communication breakdown, as well as agitators (Kaufman, 2004). Pluralist perspective From the perspective of Pluralist, organization is made up of various sectional groups. Each group has its legal loyalties, goals and leaders. Particularly, management and trade unions are two remarkable sectional groups in the Pluralist perspective. As a result, the main job responsibility of management is not enforcement and control but persuasion and coordination. However, trade unions are acted as lawful delegates of employees. The conflict is inevitable here and the conflict in the Pluralistic perspective is solved by collective bargaining. Generally speaking, conflict is always associated with bad things. However, conflict if being managed well can also take place evolution and positive change from the perspective of Pluralism (Kaufman, 2004). Marxist perspective Marxist perspective is also called radical perspective. This perspective is to reveal the nature of the capitalist society. It thinks that workplace relations are against the history. It recognizes inequalities in power in the employment relationship and in wider society as a whole. Consequently, conflict is perceived as an inevitable result. Whatacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more, a natural response regarding workers against the capitalism exploitation is seen as trade unions. The managementacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position would be improved by institutions of joint regulation from the view of Marxism if having the periods of acquiescence, because they suppose rather than challenge the proceeding of capitalism (Hyman, 1975). Differences among three perspectives According to the descriptions toward three perspectives, it is obviously that they have different understandings against conflict. The Unitarist view perceives conflict as a word with derogatory sense and it puts forward three reasons of generating conflict such as agitators, interpersonal friction and communication breakdown. It employs a paternalistic approach, so it is short of the conflict between capital and labor which is the focus of Marxist perspective. Moreover, it does not refer to the solution. On the contrary, the Pluralist view indicates that collective bargaining is the way of tackling conflict. Another difference lies in that sometimes conflict can be positive. It implies the importance of conflict management. It can be seen that the Pluralist view pays much attention to conflict resolution and how to how to manage conflict. Moreover, it considers that the power between parties with different interests is equal, which is just opposite to the Marxist perspective. Actu ally, the Marxist view is very radical. From its point of view, the inevitability of conflict comes from the inequalities of powers caused by capitalism exploitation. That is to say, different from Unitarist perspective, the Marxist perspective gives different reasons of bringing about conflict. Appropriate perspective for analyzing employee relations in the UK In this part, it will firstly describe the development process of employee relations in the UK. Afterwards, it will prove that three perspectives can be applied to analyze the British employee relations but the Pluralist perspective is the most appropriate view for analyzing British employee relations. According to the definition of collective bargaining by International Labor Organization, one party of collective bargaining is one employer, some employers or one or several employer organizations while the other party is one or several worker organization (Herman, 1998). It is obviously that the collective bargaining is not feasible without the union of workers. In Medieval England, the relationship between employers and employees was equal but not class relations. As usual, most of competent employees would live in a separate house or married the daughter of employers. The sprout of the capitalist way of production provided possibility for the emergence of industrial relations. The distinction of manufacturing rights and power of management, the division of employers and employees, as well as the existence of a great many permanent labors provided soil for the generation of the trade union. At the early stage of capitalism, there was not law or system to guarantee the basic life of employees. In order to make a living, workers must negotiate with employers. Although a lot of inequalities existed between them, workers did not have enough countervailing power through individual negotiation or signing contract with each worker. In order to improve life and working conditions, labors gradually united and struggled with employers. At the end of 1600s, trade union emerged as the times require. Because the industrial workers did not form strong hierarchy, the primary labor movement was only limited to the range of manual workers. One of important role of the early trade union on behalf of workers was to negotiate with employers for salary, employment conditions and so on. At the end of 1700s, the collective agreement between employment labor organizations and employers came to the UK, which is the earliest collective agreement in the world (Fraser, 1999). The UK as the source origin of Industrial Revolution is also a country developing trade union movement earliest in the world (Williams and Smith, 2006). Therefore, the British labor relations system is with distinctive characteristics. In the development history of British Labor Laws, collective bargaining is regarded as an effective way to resolve labor disputes. Before the Second World War, the collective bargaining in the UK was mainly a national negotiation. The national collective agreement covered most of workers. Until 1970s, some local collective bargaining emerged. More and more employers started to withdraw from national collective bargaining. Corporate-level collective bargaining gradually occupied dominant position replacing national collective bargaining (Gospel, 1998). Mo reover, the government also supported decentralized collective bargaining and the regulatory institutions such as wages council were abolished. In addition, the British law fully protected the interests of members of trade union and stated a variety of immunities against trade unions so that they would not be charged owing to strikes or other industrial actions. However, collective bargaining has begun to suffer multifarious criticisms since 1980s. Someone criticized that the collective bargaining was too disruptive, because the breakdown of collective bargaining brought about too frequently industrial actions so as to weaken domestic economic competitiveness. As a result, the coverage of collective bargaining gets smaller and smaller. According to the statistics, the coverage has already decreased from 70% in 1984 to 41% in1998 (Addison and Siebert, 2002). In any way, collective bargaining was the basis of the British employee relations for much of the 20th century. Based on the introduction of employee relations in the UK, it can be seen that the British collectivism has already went through the development process from sprout to be legal. In Medieval England, the relationship between employers and employees can be explained with the paternalistic approach. Employers and employees were loyal with the ideal of acirc;â‚ ¬Ã…“a happy familyacirc;â‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  and did not need the trade union to solve conflicts, which is the emphasis of the Unitarist perspective. Consequently, the inequalities existed between employers and employees at the beginning stage of capitalism. Employees were exploited by employers, but they had not enough strong power to solve them. For this reason, the inequalities in power in employment relationship can be analyzed by the Marxist view. After that period of time, the trade union came into being and was firstly responsible for negotiating with employers regarding the issues of wage and employment condition. Afterwards, the co llective agreement emerged in the UK with the improvement of trade union. Moreover, the diversification of employees created conditions for the expansion of trade unions and members. As a result, the form of collective bargaining was more common and was regarded as an effective solution to conflict in labor disputes, which is identical with the view of the Pluralist perspective. Employers gradually found the disadvantages of collective bargaining and less took part in the collective bargaining. As a matter of fact, the decline of collective bargaining can also attribute to the shortcomings of the Pluralist perspective which focused too much on the solution to conflict and the accommodation to change and power differences. In other words, it neglects the government influences and power differences at all employee relations levels. As a whole, the deficiencies of collective bargaining lead to its declination in the British employee relations, but its role can not be substituted for an y other kind of conflict resolution. It can be concluded that the Pluralist perspective has greatly influenced the employee relations in the UK and will continue to develop its effects, which is natural to be the most appropriate perspective for analyzing the British employee relations compared with other two perspectives. Conclusion To sum up, different people have different minds. The Unitarism, Pluralism and Marxism have already expressed their views against the conflict on employee relations. However, there are some differences in their views. Three perspectives are from different angles and have different emphases. After discussing the differences among three perspectives, it has elaborated my own opinion that the Pluralist perspective is the most appropriate for the analysis of employee relations in the UK based on the development process of the British employee relations. It can be concluded from the analyses that collective bargaining with irreplaceable role is playing a less and less important role in the British employee relations with the various changes in employment and the labor force. In addition, conflict management is extremely significant for the sustainable development of organizations. People should not only focus on the conflict resolution but also pay attention to the influences of other f actors. As a result, it is very crucial and indispensable for every organization to establish positive employee relation so as to attract and retain high-quality staff, to improve employee productivity, to increase employee loyalty, to enhance working morale, to elevate business performance, as well as to reduce absence rate (Lewis and Saunders, 2003). (1973 words)

The French Verb Conjugations of Chauffer (to Heat)

In French,  the verb  chauffer  means  to heat. This can easily be confused with chauffeur as in driver. To keep it straight, think of the verb more like a chaffing dish, meaning a heated food serving platter you often see at buffets or banquets. Conjugating the French Verb  Chauffer​ As with all French verbs, we need to conjugate  chauffer  in order for it to mean heating or heated. The -ing and -ed endings are English conjugations and they are universal to the subject. Yet, in French, we must match the verb with the tense as well as the subject: the endings for we is different than the endings for I. While verb conjugations are challenging  for many French students, those that end in -er  often follow a prescribed pattern.  Chauffer  is one of those because it is a  regular -er verb. We take the stem of  chauff  and add particular endings according to the subject and tense. These same endings are used for similar verbs like  brà »ler  (to burn) and  allumer  (to light), making each a little easier to learn than the first. Using the chart, pair the subject pronoun to the proper tense for your subject. For example, I heat is je chauffe and we will heat is nous chaufferons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je chauffe chaufferai chauffais tu chauffes chaufferas chauffais il chauffe chauffera chauffait nous chauffons chaufferons chauffions vous chauffez chaufferez chauffiez ils chauffent chaufferont chauffaient The Present Participle of  Chauffer The  present participle  of chauffer  is chauffant. For this conjugation, it is as easy as adding -ant  to the verb stem. It is used as a verb and will also work as an adjective, gerund, or noun when needed. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © A  common way to express the past tense heated in French is to use the  passà © composà ©. To do this, conjugate the  auxiliary, or helping verb  avoir  to the correct subject, then add the  past participle  chauffà ©. For instance, I heated becomes jai chauffà © and we heated is nous avons chauffà ©. You should note that  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir.  Also, the past participle does not change when the subject does. More Simple  Chauffer  Conjugations to Know At first, students should focus on the present, past, and future forms of  chauffer  as these are used most often. With experience, you may also find a use for the subjunctive or conditional verb forms. Both of these imply some degree of uncertainty to the verb. In rare instances and primarily in literature, you will see the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive forms of  chauffer. While you may not use or need them yourself, you should at least be able to recognize and associate them with to heat. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je chauffe chaufferais chauffai chauffasse tu chauffes chaufferais chauffas chauffasses il chauffe chaufferait chauffa chauffà ¢t nous chauffions chaufferions chauffà ¢mes chauffassions vous chauffiez chaufferiez chauffà ¢tes chauffassiez ils chauffent chaufferaient chauffà ¨rent chauffassent For short and direct exclamations, use  chauffer  in the imperative form. To do so, theres no need to include the subject pronoun. Rather than saying tu chauffe, you can simply say chauffe. Imperative (tu) chauffe (nous) chauffons (vous) chauffez

Classical and modern day music Free Essays

Classical and Modern day Music From the 12th century to the 21st century music has been vital to everyday life. Whether the music is coming from the trumpet playing an old time classical or from the beat of a rapper raping his favorite tune or song; the creativity and passion for music starts to flow out of every person who lets It. Music had changed drastically over the years. We will write a custom essay sample on Classical and modern day music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Three ways music has changed Is by adding Instruments, changing the message, and by changing the purpose. A lot of people have been exposed to music, whether it’s classical or everyday modern. The basis of music has changed, since the early days of Just playing one Instrument and singing the thoughts that pop Into the singers head. Music started out with little equipment and has only progressed since. Today, music goes through a process before It’s even heard. There Is so much work put Into having a song sound good. Back In the old days, music was played out of enjoyment. It came from the heart. Lassie music Is known to have a did dynamic range and will often speed up and slow down at different times. While modern music often expresses emotion through the singer, there is more of an emphasis and variation that in classical music. From classical to modern music the amount of instruments has increased tremendously. In classical and modern music the message differs in each century. Whether the people know it or not music can affect their mood and influence their behaviors as w ell. Music had personalities, which can express what people feel. Each song touches someone through ways like caching a life lesson or by touching your heart. Every generation has music that impacts the world by motivating people to do certain things or defines a person’s personality. Each had music sums up the generation. Classical music generally gives the message of relaxation and peace. Modern music had many messages depending on the genre. There is a song for every mood. Within each century the message changes through each passing mood. In modern and classical music the purpose for the songs written had varied. Classical music’s purpose is generally to entertain an audience and to excite listeners emotionally and intellectually. While some modern music is developed to stimulate in similar ways, it also diverges from classical music. Whether your purpose is to dance and Jump around or to relax in bed, there are endless possibilities. Throughout the years, each music genre has been imperative to oneself. Music is what moves everyone, and without It, life would be meaningless. From and old hymn to a funky lyric; the Intentions have changed but one thing still remains. Music has and will always be a way of life to our culture. Music has transformed by adding Instruments, changing the message, and by altering the purpose. Although music has changed through each passing year; It Is still vital In how we view life today. Music starts to flow out of every person who lets it. Music had changed drastically over the years. Three ways music has changed is by adding instruments, changing since the early days of Just playing one instrument and singing the thoughts that pop into the singers head. Music started out with little equipment and has only progressed since. Today, music goes through a process before it’s even heard. There is so much work put into having a song sound good. Back in the old days, music was played out of enjoyment. It came from the heart. Classical music is known to have a oneself. Music is what moves everyone, and without it, life would be meaningless. From and old hymn to a funky lyric; the intentions have changed but one thing still transformed by adding instruments, changing the message, and by altering the purpose. Although music has changed through each passing year; it is still vital in How to cite Classical and modern day music, Papers

Story of a Man free essay sample

I think he was for the most part a trifle the worse for liquor. I was standing at the bar one evening, my foot on the rail, with an acquaintance – they make a very good dry martini at the Palace Hotel in Guatemala City when the man with the scar came up. I shook my head as for the twentieth time since my arrival he held out for inspection his lottery tickets. But my companion nodded affably. ‘Que tal, general? How is life? ’ ‘Not so bad. Business is none too good, but it might be worse. ‘What will you have, general? ’ ‘A brandy. ’ He tossed it down and put the glass back on the bar. He nodded to my acquaintance. ‘Gracias. Hasta Luego. ’ Then he turned away and offered tickets to the men who were standing next to us. ‘Who is your friend? ’ I asked. ‘That’s a terrific scar on his face. ’ ‘It doesn’t add to his beauty, does it? He’s an exile from Nicaragua. He’s a ruffian of course and a bandit, but not a bad fellow. I give him a few pesos now and then. He was a evolutionary general and if his ammunition hadn’t given out he’d have upset the government and be minister of war now instead of selling lottery tickets in Guatemala. They captured him, along with his staff, such as it was, and tried him by court-martial. Such things are rather summary in those countries, you know, and he was sentenced to be shot at dawn. I guess he knew what was coming to him when he was caught. He spent the night in gaol and he and the others, there were five of them altogether, passed the time playing poker. They used matches for chips. He told me he’d never had such a run of bad luck in his life. When day broke and the soldiers came into the cell to fetch them for execution he had lost more matches than a reasonable man could use in a life time. They were led into the patio of the gaol and placed against a wall, the five of them side by side, with the firing party facing them. There was a pause and our friend asked the officer in charge of them what the devil they were keeping him waiting for. The officer said that the general commanding the government troops wished to attend the execution and they awaited his arrival. Then I have time to smoke another cigarette,† said our friend. â€Å"He was always unpunctual. † But he had barely lit it when the general – it was San Ignacio, by the way: I don’t know whether you ever met him – followed by his A. D. C. came into the patio. The usual formalities were performed and San Ignacio asked the condemned men whether there was anything they wished before the execution took place. Four of the five shook their heads, but our friend spoke. â€Å"Yes, I should like to say goodbye to my wife. † â€Å"Bueno,† said the general, â€Å"I have no objection to that. Where is she? † â€Å"She is waiting at the prison door. † â€Å"Then it will not cause a delay of more than five minutes. † â€Å"Hardly that, Senor General. † â€Å"Have him placed on one side. † Two soldiers advanced and between them the condemned rebel walked to the spot indicated. The officer in command of the firing squad on a nod from the general gave an order, there was a ragged report, and the four men fell. They fell strangely, not together, but one after the other, with movements that were almost grotesque, as though they were puppets in a toy theatre. The officer went up to them and into one who was still alive emptied two chambers of his revolver. Our friend finished his cigarette and threw away the stub. There was a little stir at the gateway. A woman came into the patio, with quick steps, and then, her hand on her heart, stopped suddenly. She gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward. â€Å"Caramba,† said the general. She was in black, with a veil over her hair, and her face was dead white. She was hardly more than a girl, a slim creature, with little regular features and enormous eyes. But they were distraught with anguish. Her loveliness was such that as she ran, her mouth slightly open and the agony of her face beautiful, a gasp of surprise was wrung from those indifferent soldiers who looked at her. The rebel advanced a step or two to meet her. She flung herself into his arms and with a hoarse cry of passion: alma de mi corazon, soul of my heart, he pressed his lips to hers. And at the same moment he drew a knife from his ragged shirt – I haven’t a notion how he had managed to retain possession of it – and stabbed her in the neck. The blood spurted from the cut vein and dyed his shirt. Then he flung his arms round her and once more pressed his lips to hers. It happened so quickly that many didn’t know what had occurred, but from the others burst a cry of horror; they sprang forward and seized him. They loosened his grasp and the girl would have fallen if the A. D. C. hadn’t caught her. She was unconscious. They laid her on the ground and with dismay on their faces stood round watching her. The rebel knew where he was striking and it was impossible to staunch the blood. In a moment the A. D. C. who had been kneeling by her side rose. She’s dead,† he whispered. The rebel crossed himself. â€Å"Why did you do it? † asked the general. â€Å"I loved her. † A sort of sigh passed through those men crowded together and they looked with strange faces at the murderer. The general stared at him for a while in silence. â€Å"It was a noble gesture,† he said at last. â€Å"I cannot execute this man. Take my car and have him led t o the frontier. Senor, I offer you the homage which is due from one brave man to another. † A murmur of approbation broke from those who listened. The A. D. C. tapped the rebel on the shoulder, nd between the two soldiers without a word he marched to the waiting car. ’ My friend stopped and for a time I was silent. I must explain that he was a Guatemaltecan and spoke to me in Spanish. I have translated what he told me as well as I could, but I have made no attempts to tone down his rather high-flown language. To tell the truth I think it suits the story. ‘But how did he get the scar? ’ I asked at length. ‘Oh, that was due to a bottle that burst when he was opening it. A bottle of ginger ale. ’ ‘I never liked it,’ said I.

Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S. Essay Example

Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? Essay Should we restrict immigration in the U. S.? , the answer to that is quite simple, no. the real question is; is it necessary to restrict immigration in the U. S.? That answer is also quite simple, no. immigration has been a big topic since the early 1900’s once the immigrants really started coming over to the U. S. Ever since then people have been trying to restrict the flow of immigrants coming into this country. Evidence from the article states and shows that â€Å"we were and still are a nation of immigrants†, so what makes the difference now? It was once and still is a land where people in search of a better life come to find one. Immigrants are a very powerful benefit to the economy and very little evidence shows that they are negative, in which shows us that immigrants are helping the nation become a better place while also helping build a stronger economy. Evidence from the article shows that in the 1980’s alone, about 8. 7 million people poured into the U. S. , matching the great immigration decade of 1900-10. The United States traditional role was as a haven for the immigrants, why change now? Especially when the immigrant’s links to their old countries are boosting U. S. exports to such fast growing regions like Asia and Latin America. Immigrant’s effects on the U. S. are the positive that overcomes the negative. Many immigrant communities are cities whose strength was restored due to the fact that without the immigrants cities and neighborhoods would be suffering because of the shrinking tax base. Evidence shows people that even immigrants with less education are contributing to the economy as workers, consumers, and taxpayers. We will write a custom essay sample on Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should We Restrict Immigration in the U.S.? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The immigrants have turned around many neighborhoods that were ready to fall into ruin. Even the ones that was ready to waste away, and decrease from a state of normality and prosperity. The immigrants also bring a global perspective and international contacts to insular American businesses. If the immigrants were on Americas land for hundreds of years then why would they choose now to restrict them from entering when they benefited to and from the country? What’s so different about them from back then until now? Considering the success of the past immigration. Why should the immigrants be discriminated by the nativists, when they are the one’s who’s helping when some of the same nativists discouraging them and depriving them from their confidence are the ones who weren’t even strong enough to work and help strengthen our economy. As a result immigration shouldn’t be restricted. Just the number of immigrants entering and leaving should be paid close attention to. Just think about it, is it wrong to say â€Å"no† to people wanting a better life for themselves and their families

Free Essays on The Learned Illness

Carillo 1 Debates have been occurring on the classification of alcoholism since early times. Is alcoholism a disease or is it a learned behavior? For most, alcohol is a common factor at parties, celebrations, and perhaps even everyday life. Many people abuse alcohol by developing risky drinking patterns. They develop cravings and a high tolerance, allowing them to increase the intake of alcohol and believe that they need more to satisfy a taste. There is also the loss of control and(,) very importantly(,) the physical dependency. Withdrawal symptoms heighten(,) making it difficult to quit drinking. So, is this term â€Å"alcoholism† really a disease, or can the individual control their behavior? Medical organizations have researched this condition over and over(,) running tests, experimenting, and analyzing. There is potential that the nature of this condition could very well be classified as a disease. Symptoms are one key in defining a disease, but complications come about in the definition. There is a mental obsession with alcohol. One can lose control of their thought processes(,) causing a sense power loss. (this last phrase is confusing – do you mean a loss of sensory power?) This can lead to a physical obsession and compulsion to drink. Although alcoholism has almost been deemed by everyone as incurable, there (replace with â€Å"it†) is the (replace with â€Å"a†) progressive disease. Progressive meaning it makes drastic changes at a subtle pace. It may progress over such an extended time, (delete) that the alcoholic doesn’t realize the changes. In actuality there is no evidence that alcoholism is in fact a disease. It does not even satisfy the meaning of and (spelling: an) illness. Scientific canalizations ( I’m not sure what you mean by this term) have failed in providing concrete facts and solid proof that alcoholism is a learned, and controllable, behavior. An Carillo 2 old A.A. group even... Free Essays on The Learned Illness Free Essays on The Learned Illness Carillo 1 Debates have been occurring on the classification of alcoholism since early times. Is alcoholism a disease or is it a learned behavior? For most, alcohol is a common factor at parties, celebrations, and perhaps even everyday life. Many people abuse alcohol by developing risky drinking patterns. They develop cravings and a high tolerance, allowing them to increase the intake of alcohol and believe that they need more to satisfy a taste. There is also the loss of control and(,) very importantly(,) the physical dependency. Withdrawal symptoms heighten(,) making it difficult to quit drinking. So, is this term â€Å"alcoholism† really a disease, or can the individual control their behavior? Medical organizations have researched this condition over and over(,) running tests, experimenting, and analyzing. There is potential that the nature of this condition could very well be classified as a disease. Symptoms are one key in defining a disease, but complications come about in the definition. There is a mental obsession with alcohol. One can lose control of their thought processes(,) causing a sense power loss. (this last phrase is confusing – do you mean a loss of sensory power?) This can lead to a physical obsession and compulsion to drink. Although alcoholism has almost been deemed by everyone as incurable, there (replace with â€Å"it†) is the (replace with â€Å"a†) progressive disease. Progressive meaning it makes drastic changes at a subtle pace. It may progress over such an extended time, (delete) that the alcoholic doesn’t realize the changes. In actuality there is no evidence that alcoholism is in fact a disease. It does not even satisfy the meaning of and (spelling: an) illness. Scientific canalizations ( I’m not sure what you mean by this term) have failed in providing concrete facts and solid proof that alcoholism is a learned, and controllable, behavior. An Carillo 2 old A.A. group even...

Skip navigation links BFS 3440-07B BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR FIRE Essay - 5

Skip navigation links BFS 3440-07B BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR FIRE PROTECTION (BFS3440-07B) - Essay Example The frame is a structure that holds the sprinkler components together .The frame styles may be of low profile, flush standard as well as the concealed amounts. The frames types depends on the areas that should be covered, type of hazard to be protected and the visual effects that may be required. Thermal linkage controls the release of water from the sprinkler systems. The linkages hold the cap in the right place and prevent water from flowing out of the pipes. (Wallace, and Webber, 2004, p. 285). The function of the cap is to provide the water tight seals over the sprinkler orifices that are held in place by the thermal links. In case the thermal fails to function, the cap is released and water finally flows from the orifice. Orifice refers to the opening in the water pipes at the base of the sprinkler valve. The opening in the water pipe is at a place where the water comes from which is about half an inch in diameter .It varies from the larger hazardous areas to smaller ones in the sprinklers systems. The detector is used in splattering the water streams from orifice to the pattern that is efficient for suppression of fires (Wallace, and Webber, 2004, p. 285). It is therefore important for all organizations to install the sprinklers systems within their organizations so as to protect themselves as well as their organizations from fires. Sprinklers are of different types, and therefore should be used as per their

Causes of Misunderstanding between Men and Women Research Paper

Causes of Misunderstanding between Men and Women - Research Paper Example The author applies these differences specifically in the way the sexes manage a business organization. While women "tend to soften their demands and statements," men opt to give direct orders. Generally, women are also apt in asking more questions than man. The article stressed that culture is pivotal in this distinctions. Women are raised to be more nurturing and maintain harmonious relationships while men aren't. The author, however, emphasizes that generalization about the characteristics of men and women based on the way they communicate are invalid. On the other hand, Turner explored how the way men and women think affects the way they communicate. Turner stated that a lot of factors influence the words that people say. However, people's words often reveal their thoughts. Thus, disparities between the communication techniques of the two sexes can be best explained by their thoughts. It is asserted that men tend to think more of reasons and engaged in more logical discussions. Women, on the other hand, think more of their emotions as manifested through their conversations. As men tend to engage in rational discussions, a common stereotype attached to them is "rationality." On the other hand, women are always regarded to become more emotionally attached and are often branded as "intuitive" since they don't really assert their opinions.

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay School shootings are one of the common events that achieved a level of cultural symbolism and make fear within students, their relatives, and school personnel. It is not shocking that these shootings are still happening, since the source of the problem is sophisticated. School shootings promote depression and anxiety within schools and encourage the idea that schools are unsafe for many students; in this paper I will discuss the course of action in Virginia Tech and my role as a school psychologist during the crisis. On April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech experienced a terrible and unforgettable event in the American university history. An Asian student shot and took the lives of 32 students and faculty, staff. He left behind injured individuals and people with psychological problems, and then he killed himself. Moreover, victims families, friends and the university community have suffered horribly. As a school psychologist in Virginia Tech, I think it is very crucial to collect the data about the student who killed the victims in order to know more about the real causes that led him to shoot people and kill himself after. This will help to deal with students behavior to avoid and stop real causes before they get more complicated. The student murderer was skinny and looked younger than his age. He did not participate in class and did not want to speak. The professors reported that he was mentally ill and he asked him to seek counseling. I believed that it is important to work with students who have same symptoms like this person who needed an early diagnosis. I believe that mental health clinics receive a big number of antisocial behaviors which is the most common disorder in our daily life. I think that early diagnosis of serious aggression that can be Conduct Disorder which begins as aggression in the early childhood and developed during adolescence and adulthood, it is very vital to know about these cases in order to help those individuals since they were diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Conduct is a disorder that refers to people who deal with specific behavioral and emotional problems during the childhood. People diagnoses with this disorder cannot focus and they have a hard time to follow rules. They are often referred as bad people or delinquent, ignoring that they mentally ill. Course of action Schools must be protected and safe places for children to study, however after this shooting event, a number of students and their families still feel threatened and their lives in danger by armed and dangerous classmates. As a member of school community we need to discuss our plan and how to deal with current students, families, professors and the other members who experienced the incident and help them to overcome and continue benefit from school. I believe that it is very interesting to work with survived students to trust us and discuss our plans to offer a safe place to learn. As school staff, we need to work with parents and public safety providers (local police and fire departments, emergency responders, hospitals, etc.) (National Association of School Psychologists, 2006) The school community needs also to enhance, and renew the school procedures to keep school building safe. Work with students to be able to discuss and talk aloud if something happened that makes them feel un comfortable, worried or scared. Teach the students that everybody play a big role to maintain the school safety. School community needs also to offer crisis training and professional development for all staff based upon needs assessment. (NASP, 2006) Anger and violence are progressively more significant issues to school psychologists and other professionals today. Those educators faced the effects of learning problems and social adjustment issues. It is very significant to provide monthly workshops for all students to identify their feelings and help them to know how to manage their feelings of anger, especially if they are taking drugs or having mental illness will be helpful. It is very important to teach and make students stay away from drugs and alcohol. Added to this, being away from guns and other weapons will be helpful as well. Teach students in early age that violence is not a solution to handle problems. Therefore, provide counseling sessions to all students, especially those who are struggling with anxiety, depression, or other emotional concerns that they cannot handle. William Pollack, a Harvard Medical School psychologist, stated in the incident of the Columbine shooters needed help, and what they got day after day was no one noticing. They were left alone. Adolescents, even though they say they want to be alonethey really want some kind of connection with an adult who understands and cares. (USA today, 2009) As a school staff, we need to work on our safety programs as well. We will need to lock doors, provide security cameras and call systems. We need to encourage and build up the respect between staff and students, students and students. Respect the students potential and performance is very vital also. The interaction between counselors or professors and students is very important to be able to recognize students feelings and alert any serious emotional issues or mental health problems. Check and connect is a good strategy to provide to school staffs in the workshops. In this approach, every day, one professor or more should talk about a specific students case. As the initial responsibility we have as school staff, we should help people experience the event in an appropriate context. We need to provide counseling and psychological treatments and we have to work with them to be able to continue their studies and help them to achieve their goals as they came for the first time and may be better. We have to work with those people who were in the event on the traumatic that may happened and they will think about all the time. We need to be able to help them to forget it and start a new personal and educational safe life. It is obvious that people who commit this kind of things and shooting usually have mental disorders such as severe depression or other emotional problems. Those individuals usually feel unwanted and badly treated by others, they are dissatisfied in their academic performance and goals, and therefore they go for suicide and shooting in order to do revenge. Moreover, these students always prepared for their plans previously and they talked about their purposes in advance. Hopefully, we will have time to know about their plans and help them recognize their feelings to be able to intervene early. That is why I believe that we need to build up confidence and communication with students and promote them to ask for help whenever they feel that they need it. As people working in schools, the event is hard to experience, but we may be able to better control the school and in preventing more shootings. Moreover, students who are under medications for anxiety, depression or other concerns and are currently in university, they need to be in contact with their doctor, therapist as well as their family. It may be also appropriate for students who have faced a prior traumatic event as well. I believed that school shooting is one of the biggest issues that need more than a single solution; poor parenting and early identification are big terms to think about dealing with such incidents. Most shootings in schools occurred primarily because of revenge against society. Specific people such as parents, friends, and roommates know how to help professionals to diminish specific psychological outcomes of a traumatic incident by using observation as a method to watch students who are at greater jeopardy and assist directly. Awareness of the issues that can lead to cruel psychological distress may assist adults to differentiate those students who need mental health assistance. As school community, we should plan cooperatively to invent a safety within schools to decrease violence by utilizing various approaches in order to meet each schools needs. For an effective result, it is helpful to include the following components such as making school-community safety partnerships, establishing comprehensive school crisis response plans (NASP, 2006) As a course of action, schools should adopted new laws and strategies to cope with this new style of showing such brutal aggression in instructional establishments, such as forbidding violent behaviors by issuing a disciplinary rules and punishments against individuals who are attempting to be involved in aggressive behaviors in schools settings. Besides, schools need also to offer a proper and effective counseling therapy for people who still under the shock of a shooting incident and help them to overcome the crisis time. As far as community is concerned, it should be a priority to protect students who experience aggr essive events and make them regain confidence to pursue their academic and emotional life. Improving classroom environment is also presented in our school plan by endorsing such a positive school discipline School climate is a relatively enduring quality of the entire school that is experienced by members, describes their collective perceptions of routine behavior, and affects their attitudes and behavior in the school (Camilla Sandra, 2007). Our program fights racism and intolerance and implements strategies to accept people from different cultures; in school program, the community promotes consultation, appropriate social skills, rising security in schools, and use disciplinary method to punish individuals who did not respect the school policy. Utilizing prevention programs for all students is one of the vital strategies we have in our program like talking about the federal law. Basically, we also implement some specific interventions in order to support students positive emotiona l development and educate them to utilize non-violent methods to decipher their personal concerns. Support students who show early signs of violation behaviors at schools and encouraging peer relationship by utilizing communication and mediation programs to resolve conflicts. School-based mental health services are very wanted recently. As school community, collaborating with parents and policy makers we should scrutinize issues that can account for events in which a massacre happened in the establishment setting in order to assist students to accomplish their aims in schools and help them to identify their personal and social issues. During the crisis, as member of school community, we were looking for manners in order to stop these events to re-happen. School Psychologists national association (NASP) team stated that, Crisis has been frequently recognized as a time of potential danger as well as potential opportunity.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If our profession is able to manage the danger that is, manage the immediate crisis and quickly return the system to normal functioning then there exists a tremendous opportunity to stimulate long-term systemic change. Once seen as effective and credible, the psychologist has infinitely more opportunity to move the system in the direction of prevention (Kathy, 2008). School psychologists can be a terrific source to the institutional community in the improvement of efficient mental health services to discuss students and families needs. It is also fundamental that school psychologists become very important and positive individuals in endorsing their task as mental health service providers and programs in schools. My role as a school psychologist As a school psychologist, I need to be able to identify student in need for extra help and aid in recognizing proper referral sources in the community. I would also use the psychological triage as a technique to establish the crisis intervention cure. The use of this approach is particularly significant when the psychological trauma victim surpasses the number of available people who can intervene. According to National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), there are various things that we can do as people working in schools that may insure that schools are secure places for students and enhance the comfort level of individuals such as inform parents by the school safety policies and calamity avoidance efforts. As a school psychologist, I need to be active within schools, communicate with students and their parents. I need also to visit classrooms frequently. Work on students behavior and help school community to teach students the appropriate and expected behaviors, provide interventions and supports. Talk and make a link with community colleagues to evaluate emergency response plans and discuss the needs that may be noticeable to the current crisis. Highlight violence prevention programs and curriculum currently being taught in schools and emphasize the efforts of the school to teach students alternatives to violence including peaceful conflict resolution and positive i nterpersonal relationship skills. Cite specific examples such as Second Step Violence Prevention, bully proofing, or other positive interventions and behavioral supports (NASP, 2006). My role as school psychologist as well is to prevent those individuals who homicide others and suicide. An article by NASP stated that society needs to ease closer relations as a replacement of watching television and using computers in the rest of the evenings, visit friends, classmates, and neighbors, walk you dog or go for picnic will help to stop murders to realize their plans and crimes. As a course of action, we should work on the relationship between students, their professors, and other school workers (NASP, 2006) My role as a school psychologist also is to examine the psychological disorders of students who appeared to be at risk such as those individuals who may have post traumatic stress syndrome, depression, Schizophrenia, and other mental health problems. It is very significant to early diagnosis those people with the previous disorders in order to be able to intervene and help them to live normal people and act responsively. My job as a member of the community is to be aware of some people who refuse to talk about their experience in the past and hide their traumatic events. In this point, I need to be able to help survivors of this horrible crisis to talk about it and assist them to be able to identify and discuss their feelings from it. I need to be able to aid those people by using psychotherapy sessions and advanced techniques. As a school psychologist, I can be trusted to help with delicate personal and family situations that interfere with schooling. I can also help prevent future problems when I intervene with learning problems early on, and I can also recognize that changes in the school environment and at home can improve the quality of life for children and their families.   For most victims, cognitive-behavioral therapy is the best treatment that I can use in order to change distorted and possibly harmful perceptions of post-traumatic stress, severe anxiety, depression, pleasant mental image ry, and relaxation techniques. Other counseling and therapy techniques may help those people achieve a good perceptive of the illness and the factors that protect against it. There are also stress inoculation training and visualization techniques that can be used as treatment to help those victims in our school setting. All these treatments need to be taught to survivors in order to practice it on their own. I need also to share with them my feelings, experience, and signs to help decreasing feelings of fear and helplessness. In terms of intervention, as a school psychologist I should work and consult with teachers in order to choose, implement, and evaluate interventions that best work for the different needs of different students.   As expert I need to be able to teach students, teachers, parents, and other professionals problem-solving strategies to address issues related to students academic, behavioral, and psychological problems after the incident. I need also to be able to assist teachers, parents, and other professionals use data-based decision making to improve student and systemic outcomes. Besides, I have to help teachers understand the unique needs of students, especially those diagnosis with mental health problems. It is very important to consult with those individuals doctors and counselor as well in order to keep in truck, know more about their current situations, and help them to release their pains. NASP promotes that school psychologists to take a leadership role in developing comprehe nsive approaches to violence reduction and crisis response in schools (NASP, 2006). Since school psychologists are capable to involve in the whole school personals in enhancing and applying positive behavioral interventions that support social-emotional development of students. School psychologists are also important members who are skilled by using and implementing different intervention strategies that may decrease violent behaviors within school settings and with different students. As a school psychologist, I can discuss with other school members the implementation of social skills activities and other techniques used in order to educate students how to solve their personal issues. My other role is to offer consultation process to promote schools form calamity planning teams. As part of the evaluation program, I need to reduce aggression activities among students and help those who were presenting during the incident physically, psychologically, and social seclusion. As far as m y role, I will help school to response to this emergency case. As a school psychology, my role also is to be well aware of the advantage of the early intervention and prevention efforts. Traditional crisis caregivers include emergency response professionals, mental health providers, medical professionals, victim assistance counselors, and faith leaders (NASP, 2003) those professionals are all well skilled to handle different cases and to help sufferers to manage their life and handle their problems. Teachers and administrators are the most people who interact with our students; however some of them did not get any training to offer mental health services and intervention. As a school psychologist, I think that will be very helpful to provide trainings and help those professionals to be able to intervene. These roles of school psychologists are very vital elements as plans of school safety. To guarantee that school psychologists are well trained to offer leadership in school violence prevention. NASP helped school psychologists to get the necessary comprehension and skills to apply aggression prevention and the crisis in schools during their programs and through their life experiences. Summary Very serious violent problems occur in school settings and have sophisticated causes, unknown sources and valuable consequences. Besides, fights, sexual harassment, and bullying that occur every day in all school establishments in the world. We started to experience shootings people at schools and suicide. These affected the schools environments, safety, and made many students, relatives and school staffs to undergo horribly. Thus, the efforts to decrease aggression at school settings need to be multi-faceted. School settings are trusted to protect children and keep them secure during the school day. Teachers, principals, and all school staff do big efforts to keep students safe and away from any danger. Many students trust schools and they feel happy and comfort in the school staffs who save them from harms and protect them. There are various cases and huge number of shoots and suicide in school settings, therefore schools and professionals community need to prepared in order to have a minimum damages and handle crises, in order to keep students and staff out of harm and able to learn and teach. In my opinion, I think that a successful and effective program will guarantee the safety of all students and school staff. It is crucial to create programs that lead to stop and reduce aggression and responding rapidly and efficiently whenever violence happens. Aggression decrease plans have to also affect on all student approaches to violence, educate them and school workers to be able to solve their skills in an effective away, and help the school to make an environment that encourages acceptance and tolerance between students and staff. School safety programs are very efficient when we involved other groups of violence prevention efforts such as local law enforcement, juvenile probation, public health personnel, and other parent and community groups (NASP, 2006) This will help to reduce aggression and anger among students in order to ensure life of all children and youth and improved their performance to achieve their goal. I believe that all families, friends, and school staff have the responsibility in this massacre, by ignoring the murder mental health history and let him lived in the campus as a normal student. The safety group of the campus has also a big responsibility and failed to intervene in the appropriate time to stop the killing show was happening. The uncontrolled guns are big issues as well that led to kill those innocent students easily. All school psychologists have the responsibility to give hands to educational institutions and involve in the methodical group structure and problem solving process. They have the responsibility to analysis the data and identify students problems. All these plans should be discussed in objective data of school databases. Typically my role as a school psychologist is that I cannot make diagnosis, but I can provide data by using various number of assessments tools like doing observations, interviews, and consulting with parents and other professionals. There are very big numbers of interventions that can be used by school psychologists to assist those individuals in order to comprehend their goals and try be able to deal with it.

An Analysis of Rebellion in George Orwell’s 1984 Essay

As a new society unfolds, so do new values and authority. In 1984, George Orwell presents a futuristic vision of the power of government as well as its social conventions. Primarily, Orwell uses Winston Smith to exhibit the effects that government control can have on morality. Winston lives in Oceania where â€Å"The Party† exploits its complete power by controlling people emotionally and mentally. However, this disturbs Winston who subsequently challenges The Party and is provoked into becoming a rebel. He recognizes that he is at the point of no return; consequently, he marches blindly ahead in the hope of defeating The Party. However, Winton’s defiant nature is quickly extinguished after he is caught and tormented for committing subversive acts. The once rebellious Winston is then forever changed, as he becomes a loyal subject of Big Brother. Winston’s challenge of Oceania’s imposed values and beliefs demonstrates humanity’s need and subsequent p ursuit of freedom. In Oceania, The Party is seen as the ultimate power; it imposes its authority and fear over its citizens with the use of technology. From the street corners to Winston’s living room, the telescreens are used to monitor the thoughts and actions of its people. â€Å"It was even conceivable, that they watched everybody all the time. But at any rate they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to. You had to live- did live, form habit that became instinct- in the assumption that every sound you made was overhead, and, except in darkness, every movement scrutinised.† (Orwell 5). By not knowing which move is being watched or which words are being listened to, all privacy and freedom of speech is eliminated from their daily lives. The telescreens are used as a source of control and power rather than communication. They also display propaganda from the Ministry of Truth to support the Party’s actions and power. The Party also uses the media as a tool for manipulation. Posters, slogans, and advertisements display messages such as â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU† and â€Å"WAR IS PEACE; FREEDOM IS SLAVERY; IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH†. These slogans, in addition to presenting Big Brother as a symbolic figure, work together to complete the manipulation and control of its citizens. However, altering the history and memory of Oceania also enforces political control. History books opportunely reflect the Party’s ideology which forbids individuals from keeping mementos such as photographs  and documents from their past. As a result, the citizens have vague memories of their past and willingly believe whatever the Party tells them. â€Å"Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past† (Orwell 32). By controlling the past, The Party ensures that they control the future, and through false history, the psychological independence of peopl e is controlled. By stealing people’s privacy, manipulating and manoeuvring their lives, and presenting altered history, the Party is able to exploit its power. Winston, a man with a conscience and a sense of right and wrong has no choice; he must fight for his beliefs. Big Brother, a symbolic figure for power, agitates Winton’s morality. Although a member of the Party, he disagrees with the conventions of The Party. At first, Winston demonstrates his defiance using a diary as a secure place to keep his thoughts. â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER† (Orwell 20). Here, Winston expresses his feelings about the party. He is aware that having or expressing thoughts against Big Brother is viewed as a thought crime in Oceania; nevertheless he also knows that he cannot sit back and accept their philosophy. â€Å"Thought crime does not entail death: thought crime IS death† (Orwell 30). Winston has the good sense to be extremely careful when writing in his diary; he is paranoid about being caught and places himself away from the telescreen where he hopes he will not be detected. This action demonstrates his unwillingness to simply accept the party line and the government’s control. Another equally serious offence against the Party is his love affair with Julia. Well aware of the Party’s stand on pleasurable sexual activity, Winston, nevertheless, can not and does not suppress his desire for her. He also discovers that he is not the only one with these forbidden feelings. â€Å"That was above all what he wanted to hear. Not merely the love of one person, but the animal instinct, the simple undifferentiated desire: that was the force that would tear the Party to pieces† (Orwell 132). With the knowledge that he is not alone in this battle, Winston is even more committed and empowered to continue his defiance against the system. He recognizes that he must act cautiously and, in order to continue his affair without being caught, Winston rents a room above Mr.Charrington’s shop. Another subversive act is Winston’s communication with O’Brien, a leader in the Party. Winton bases his trust of O’Brien through the voices in  his dreams, the eye contact between them during hate meetings, and when O’Brien turns off his telescreen when the two meet. â€Å"Between himself and O’Brien, and of the impulse he sometimes felt, simply to walk into O’Brien’s presence, announce that he was the enemy of the Party and demand his help†(Orwell 159) Trustingly, Winston reveals his views to O’Brien, hoping that in the future, others will also join in the defeat of the Party. O’Brien convinces Winston that he is member of the Brotherhood; Winston eagerly joins. The authority the Party enforces over Oceania’s citizens seizes Winston’s morality and gives him the courage to increase the momentum of his rebellious acts. Unfortunately, a power far greater than his is watching his every move. As Winston continues his treasonous acts, he realises there is no way out; his optimism for a better future has him stride blindly into shark-infested waters. Winston realizes that by writing in his diary it is only a matter of time before the Thought Police capture him. â€Å"Whether he wrote DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER, or whether he refrained from writing it, made no difference. Whether he went on with the diary, or whether he did not go on with it, made no difference† (Orwell 21). Intellectually, Winston realizes that he will probably get caught, but he cannot turn back. His affair with Julia boosts his ego and so he continues with the hope that other rebels will unite with him against the Party. Unfortunately, in his dream of defeating Big Brother, Winston becomes careless and his acts against the Party take him down a dangerous path, leading him into torturous consequences. Winston allows himself to take unnecessary risks, such as trusting O’Brien. Unknowingly, the room he rents above Mr. Charrington’s shop to meet with Julia is under surveillance. Mr. Charrington, a member of the Thought Police, uses the telescreen to capture Winston’s sexual affair with Julia. As a member of the Thought Police, it is his duty to turn them in, and he does. He has the two arrested and they are sent to the Ministry. Winston’s carelessness now comes back to haunt him. In his eagerness to find others who loathe the system, he trusted O’Brien who led him to believe that he shares his hatred for Big Brother. However, Winston soon learns that O’Brien’s intentions are quite different. When Winston is caught, O’Brien visits him to â€Å"help† him through this wretchedness. However, Winston’s misplaced trust is exploited when  O’Brien preys on his biggest fear. He is taken to Room 101 where he is tortured both physically and mentally with his ultimate revulsion: rats. Winston’s fortitude collapses, changing his perspective. â€Å"†¦it was all right, everything was all right. The struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother.† (Orwell 311). Winston’s physical pain and mental anguish help him to now embrace the unquestionable power and wisdom of the Party. The irony is evident: Winston’s determination to defeat Big Brother is defeated†¦ by Big Brother. In Winston’s pursuit to gain independent thought, he struggles against the absolute power of the Party, thus demonstrating the battle between him and his government. In Oceania, the Party controls the people physically, mentally and emotionally in order to maintain their supremacy. However, the Party’s abusive power subverts Winston’s morality, aggravating him into rebellion. Once started, Winston realizes that he cannot turn back from his revolt, even though, intellectually he acknowledges that his battle could cost him far more than his freedom. He is driven to continue. Winston’s fervour for change comes to an immediate halt after he is caught and punished for his disloyalty to the Party. A man forever changed becomes a loyal supporter of Big Brother. Orwell’s 1984 is a frightening journey of a man’s fight for freedom of thought and expression. In 1948, when the book was written it was considered a futuristic view of society. Today, many o f the events have already become a reality. Big Brother is indeed watching! Works Cited Orwell, George. 1984. New York: Penguin, 1964

Adjusting to Terrorism in the United States

After the terrorist attack of 9-11, the United States made several changes to policies concerning visitors into the United States. More attention is required at the borders, airports, mail system, and intranet to protect citizens of the United States against terrorism. In this paper, we will discuss a proposal to make the criminal justice agencies in the United States better prepared for terrorist attacks. Border Patrol is part of the criminal justice agency and responsible for protecting the borders of the United States against illegal immigrants from entering the U. S. without proper authorization. I would like to propose the United States completely fencing in our country instead of just fencing a third as we do presently. This will enable our agents to enforce the laws more effectively across the United States. Many borders are open along the Vermont and Canadian. People are able to cross the border without detection. People know there is nothing to stop them from traveling route 2 and disappearing (Peak 2010). This issue needs attention so all borders need patrolled equally to ensure the safety of the United States. The world's longest undefended border is between Canada and the United States. This runs along the 49th parallel of the west coast to Lake Superior and following natural boundaries for the remainder (International Boundary Commission 2011). Expense is a negative consequence to this proposal however, the money the United States saves in health care, education, and loss of employment caused by illegal immigrants will pay for the expansion of the border. Safety is the positive to the border issue, we have too many illegal people crossing into the United States and more force needs to take place in order to change the current situation. With more border protection, the United States can control drug traffic, human trafficking, and illegal aliens residing in the United States. Each year, according to the U. S. Customs, 60 million people come to the United States aboard 675,000 commercial and private flights. Six million arrive by sea and 370 million by land and 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. It is estimated around 90,000 merchant and passenger ships enter U. S. ports. Each ship can carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo. This voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and methamphetamine shipments for distribution in U. S. neighborhoods (U. S. Drug Enforcement Agency 2004). The budget for this expansion will include more border patrol officers, weapons, artillery, material, and funding from the government. Each border needs supervisors to supervise the operation of each station. Each officer needs to go through a training period of 6 weeks before assigned to a duty station. The estimated cost for this project is 1. 5 billion dollars. In conclusion, our borders are unprotected around the United States and serious measure need taken to control the illegal aliens entering on a daily basis. Without proper patrol, the United States is at risk of all types of illegal operations coming in and going out of our country through ships, planes, and trains. This proposal will decrease the amount of illegal persons and merchandise transported across what is now unprotected by guards. References International Boundary Commission Canadian Info Retrieved from http://www.craigmarlatt.com/canada/canada;the_world/canada;us_border.html on January 31, 2011 Peak, K, 2010 Justice Administration: Police, Courts, and Corrections Management, Sixth Edition Published by Prentice Hall. By Pearson Education, Inc U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Drug Trafficking in the United States 2004 Retrieved from http://www.policyalmanac.org/crime/archive/drug_trafficking.shtml on January 31, 2011

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 1324 Words

Franz Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’ embodies the dehumanising effect placed on man by the Capitalist system, through an economical perspective. In the Capitalist ‘system’ men can only maintain their efficiency and value by the ‘status of an object’; the man must label and objectify themselves in order to know the humanitarian state of ‘being’, then contrast that state of ‘being’ with the idealised expectations placed upon them by the Capitalist system, for efficiency. This links to Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’, the production by the individual, protagonist Gregor, generates the same value to the Capitalist system, his boss, as a whole, no matter by whom or by what means it is produced. Moreover, Gregor wakes up discovering â€Å"he had been changed into a monstrous verminous bug† not stating the bug, Kafka opens the text to the interpretation of the reader, especially a Marxist interpretat ion, from this I am debating the extent of which a Marxist lens enables us to understand the function of man in a society which is based on the production the producer produces for the bourgeois, owner in layman’s terms. Literature is a reflection of culture with each literary piece bearing the social background and lifestyle of the society, of which it was produced during. Applying a Marxist lens to the novella, we can infer ‘The Metamorphosis’ is a reflection of Kafka’s society, enabling us to debate the extent of which the text and society, at that time, was about the production an individualShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreT he Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. 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